Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Ten Year Reading Plan

Source: http://www.greatconversation.com/10-year-reading-plan

Here below is a list of the entire set of readings from Britannica's ten-year reading plan. Please note that Adler's 10-year suggested list of readings in Britannica's Great Books is different in edition one compared with edition two. In the list below, the sequentially numbered items WITHOUT asterisks are common to both the first edition's suggested 10-year reading schedule and the second edition's schedule. Items listed below with a single asterisk indicates readings only included in the first edition's suggested ten year reading schedule. Items listed below with double asterisk indicate readings only included in the second edition's schedule. Please refer to the list HERE as the definitive list for our group's current readings.

FIRST YEAR

1. PLATO: Apology, Euthyphro, Crito

2. ARISTOPHANES: Clouds, Lysistrata

3. PLATO: Republic [Book I-II]

4. ARISTOTLE: Ethics [Book I]

5. ARISTOTLE: Politics [Book I]

6. PLUTARCH: The Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans [Lycurgus, Numa

Pompilius, Lycurgus and Numa Compared, Alexander, Caesar]

7. NEW TESTAMENT: [The Gospel According to Saint Matthew, The Acts of the

Apostles]

8. ST. AUGUSTINE: Confessions [Book I-VIII]

9. MACHIAVELLI: The Prince

10. RABELAIS: Gargantua and Pantagruel [Book I-II]

11. MONTAIGNE: Essays [Of Custom, and That We Should Not Easily Change a

Law Received; Of Pedantry; Of the Education of Children; That It Is Folly to Measure

Truth and Error by Our Own Capacity; Of Cannibals; That the Relish of Good and

Evil Depends in a Great Measure upon the Opinion We Have of Them; Upon Some

Verses of Virgil]

12. SHAKESPEARE: Hamlet

13. LOCKE: Concerning Civil Government [Second Essay]

14.ROUSSEAU: The Social Contract [Book I-II]

15. GIBBON: The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire [Ch. 15-16]

16. The Declaration of Independence, The Constitution of the United States, The

Federalist [Numbers 1-10, 15, 31, 47, 51, 68-71]

17. SMITH: The Wealth of Nations [Introduction—Book I, Ch. 9]

18. MARX—ENGELS: Manifesto of the Communist Party

19** TOCQUEVILLE – Democracy in America [Vol 1, part II ch 6-8]

20** IBSEN – The Master Builder

21** SCHRODINGER – What is Life?



SECOND YEAR


1. HOMER: The Iliad

2. AESCHYLUS: Agamemnon, Choephoroe, Eumenides

3. SOPHOCLES: Oedipus the King, Antigone

4. HERODOTUS: The History [Book I-II]

5. PLATO: Meno

6. ARISTOTLE: Poetics

7. ARISTOTLE: Ethics [Book II; Book III, Ch. 5-12; Book VI, Ch. 8-13]

8. NICOMACHUS: Introduction to Arithmetic

9. LUCRETIUS: On the Nature of Things [Book I-IV]

10. MARCUS AURELIUS: Meditations

11. HOBBES: Leviathan [Part I]

12. MILTON: Areopagitica

13. PASCAL: Pensées [Numbers 72, 82-83, 100, 128, 131, 139, 142-143, 171, 194-

195, 219, 229, 233-234, 242, 273, 277, 282, 289, 298, 303, 320, 323, 325, 330-331,

374, 385, 392, 395-397, 409, 412-413, 416, 418, 425, 430, 434-435, 463, 491, 525-

531, 538, 543, 547, 553, 556, 564, 571, 586, 598, 607-610, 613, 619-620, 631, 640,

644, 673, 675, 684, 692-693, 737, 760, 768, 792-793]

14. PASCAL: Treatise on the Arithmetical Triangle

15. SWIFT: Gulliver's Travels

16. ROUSSEAU: A Discourse on the Origin of Inequality

17. KANT: Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals

18. MILL: On Liberty

19** VOLTAIRE – Candide

20** NIETZSCHE – Beyond Good and Evil

21** WHITEHEAD – Science and the Modern World [Ch I – VI]


THIRD YEAR

1. AESCHYLUS: Prometheus Bound

2. HERODOTUS: The History [Book VII-IX]

3. THUCYDIDES: The History of the Peloponnesian War [Book I-II, V]

4. PLATO: Statesman

5. ARISTOTLE: On Interpretation [Ch. 1-10]

6. ARISTOTLE: Politics [Book III-V]

7. EUCLID: Elements [Book I]

8. TACITUS: The Annals

9. ST. THOMAS AQUINAS: Summa Theologica [Part I-II, QQ 90-97]

10. CHAUCER: Troilus and Cressida

11. SHAKESPEARE: Macbeth

12. MILTON: Paradise Lost

13. LOCKE: An Essay Concerning Human Understanding [Book III, Ch. 1-3, 9-11]

14. KANT: Science of Right

15. MILL: Representative Government [Ch. 1-6]

16. LAVOISIER: Elements of Chemistry [Part I]

17. DOSTOEVSKY: The Brothers Karamazov [Part I-II]

18. FREUD: The Origin and Development of Psychoanalysis

19** TWAIN – Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

20** LEVI-STRAUSS – Structural Anthropology [Selections]

21** POINCARÉ – Science and Hypothesis [Part I - II]


FOURTH YEAR

1. EURIPIDES: Medea, Hippolytus, Trojan Women, The Bacchantes

2. PLATO: Republic [Book VI-VII]

3. PLATO: Theaetetus

4. ARISTOTLE: Physics [Book IV, Ch. 1-5, 10-14]

5. ARISTOTLE: Metaphysics [Book I, Ch. 1-2; Book IV; Book VI, Ch. 1; Book XI, Ch.

1-4]

6. ST. AUGUSTINE: Confessions [Book IX-XIII]

7. ST. THOMAS AQUINAS: Summa Theologica [Part I, QQ 16-17, 84-88]

8. MONTAIGNE: Apology for Raymond de Sebonde

9. GALILEO: Two New Sciences [Third Day, through Scholium of Theorem II]

10. BACON: Novum Organum [Preface, Book I]

11. DESCARTES: Discourse on the Method

12. NEWTON: Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy [Prefaces,

Definitions, Axioms, General Scholium]

13. LOCKE: An Essay Concerning Human Understanding [Book II]

14. HUME: An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding

15. KANT: Critique of Pure Reason [Prefaces, Introduction, Transcendental

Aesthetic]

16. MELVILLE: Moby Dick

17. DOSTOEVSKY: The Brothers Karamazov [Part III-IV]

18. JAMES: Principles of Psychology [Ch. XV, XX]

19** CALVIN – Institutes of the Christian Religion [Book III]

20** FRAZER – The Golden Bough [Selections]

21** HEISENBERG – Physics and Philosophy [ch 1 - 6]


FIFTH YEAR

1. PLATO: Phaedo

2. ARISTOTLE: Categories

3. ARISTOTLE: On the Soul [Book II, Ch. 1-3; Book III]

4. HIPPOCRATES: The Oath; On Ancient Medicine; On Airs, Waters, and Places;

The Book of Prognostics; Of the Epidemics; The Law; On the Sacred Disease

5. GALEN: On the Natural Faculties

6. VIRGIL: The Aeneid

7. PTOLEMY: The Almagest [Book I, Ch. 1-8]

8. COPERNICUS: Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres [Introduction—Book I-

Ch. 11]

9. KEPLER: Epitome of Copernican Astronomy [Book IV, Part II, Ch. 1-2]

10. PLOTINUS: Sixth Ennead

11. ST. THOMAS AQUINAS: Summa Theologica [Part I, QQ 75-76, 78-79]

12. DANTE: The Divine Comedy [Hell]

13. HARVEY: The Motion of the Heart and Blood

14. CERVANTES: Don Quixote [Part I]

15. SPINOZA: Ethics [Part II]

16. BERKELEY: The Principles of Human Knowledge

17. KANT: Critique of Pure Reason [Transcendental Analytic]

18. DARWIN: The Origin of Species [Introduction—Ch. 6, Ch. 15]

19. TOLSTOY: War and Peace [Book I-VIII]

20. JAMES: Principles of Psychology [Ch. XXVIII]

21** DEWEY – Experience and Education

22** WADDINGTON – The Nature of Life

23** ORWELL – Animal Farm


SIXTH YEAR

1. OLD TESTAMENT [Genesis, Exodus, Deuteronomy]

2. HOMER: The Odyssey

3. PLATO: Laws [Book X]

4. ARISTOTLE: Metaphysics [Book XII]

5. TACITUS: The Histories

6. PLOTINUS: Fifth Ennead

7. ST. AUGUSTINE: The City of God [Book XV-XVIII]

8. ST. THOMAS AQUINAS: Summa Theologica [Part I, QQ 1-13]

9. DANTE: The Divine Comedy [Purgatory]

10. SHAKESPEARE: Comedy of Errors, The Taming of the Shrew, As You Like It,

Twelfth Night

11. SPINOZA: Ethics [Part I]

12. MILTON: Samson Agonistes

13. PASCAL: The Provincial Letters

14. LOCKE: An Essay Concerning Human Understanding [Book IV]

15. GIBBON: The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire [Ch. 1-5, General

Observations on the Fall of the Roman Empire in the West]

16. KANT: Critique of Pure Reason [Transcendental Dialectic]

17. HEGEL: Philosophy of History [Introduction]

18. TOLSTOY: War and Peace [Book IX-XV, Epilogues]

19** KIERKEGAARD – Fear and Trembling

20** HUIZINGA – The Waning of the Middle Ages [I - X]

21** SHAW – Saint Joan

SEVENTH YEAR

1. OLD TESTAMENT [Job, Isaiah, Amos]

2. PLATO: Symposium

3. PLATO: Philebus

4. ARISTOTLE: Ethics [Book VIII-X]

5. ARCHIMEDES: Measurement of a Circle, The Equilibrium of Planes [Book I],

The Sand-Reckoner, On Floating Bodies [Book I]

6. EPICTETUS: Discourses

7. PLOTINUS: First Ennead

8. ST. THOMAS AQUINAS: Summa Theologica [Part I-II, QQ 1-5]

9. DANTE: The Divine Comedy [Paradise]

10. RABELAIS: Gargantual and Pantagruel [Book III-IV]

11. SHAKESPEARE: Julius Caesar, Antony and Cleopatra, Coriolanus

12. GALILEO: Two New Sciences [First Day]

13. SPINOZA: Ethics [Part IV-V]

14. NEWTON: Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy [Book III, Rules],

Optics [Book I, Part I; Book III, Queries]

15. HUYGENS: Treatise on Light

16. KANT: Critique of Practical Reason

17. KANT: Critique of Judgment [Critique of Aesthetic Judgment]

18. MILL: Utilitarianism

19** WEBER – Essays in Sociology [Part III]

20** PROUST – Swann in Love

21** BRECHT – Mother Courage and Her Children

EIGHTH YEAR

1. ARISTOPHANES: Thesmophoriazusae, Ecclesiazusae, Plutus

2. PLATO: Gorgias

3. ARISTOTLE: Ethics [Book 

4. ARISTOTLE: Rhetoric [Book I, Ch. 1—Book II, Ch. 1; Book II, Ch. 20—Book III,

Ch. 1; Book III, Ch. 13-19]

5. ST. AUGUSTINE: On Christian Doctrine

6. HOBBES: Leviathan [Part II]

7. SHAKESPEARE: Othello, King Lear

8. BACON: Advancement of Learning [Book I, Ch. 1—Book II, Ch. 11]

9. DESCARTES: Meditations on the First Philosophy

10. SPINOZA: Ethics [Part III]

11. LOCKE: A Letter Concerning Toleration

12. ROUSSEAU: A Discourse on Political Economy

13. ADAM SMITH: The Wealth of Nations [Book II]

14. BOSWELL: The Life of Samuel Johnson

15. MARX: Capital [Prefaces, Part I-II]

16. GOETHE: Faust [Part I]

17. JAMES: Principles of Psychology [Ch. VIII-X]

18 * STERNE: Tristam Shandy *

19** BARTH – The Word of God and the Word of Man [I - IV]

20** BERGSON – An Introduction to Metaphysics

21** HARDY – A Mathematicians Apology

22** KAFKA – The Metamorphosis

NINTH YEAR

1. PLATO: The Sophist

2. THUCYDIDES: The History of the Peloponnesian War [Book VII-VIII]

3. ARISTOTLE: Politics [Book VII-VIII]

4. NEW TESTAMENT [The Gospel According to St. John, The Epistle of Paul the

Apostle to the Romans, The First Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Corinthians]

5. ST. AUGUSTINE: The City of God [Book V, XIX]

6. ST. THOMAS AQUINAS: Summa Theologica [Part II-II, QQ 1-7]

7. GILBERT: On the Loadstone

8. DESCARTES: Rules for the Direction of the Mind

9. DESCARTES: Geometry

10. PASCAL: The Great Experiment Concerning the Equilibrium of Fluids, On

Geometrical Demonstration

11. MONTESQUIEU: The Spirit of Laws [Book I-V, VIII, XI-XII]

12. FARADAY: Experimental Researches in Electricity [Series I-II], A Speculation

Touching Electric Conduction and the Nature of Matter

13. HEGEL: Philosophy of Right [Part III

14. MARX: Capital [Part III-IV]

15. FREUD: Civilization and Its Discontents

16 * APOLLONIUS: On Conic Sections [Book I, Prop. 1-15; Book III, Prop. 42-55]

17 * FIELDING: Tom Jones

18 * FOURIER: Analytical Theory of Heat [Preliminary Discourse, Ch. 1-2]

19** MOLIÈRE – Tartuffe

20** AUSTEN – Emma

21** PLANCK – Scientific Autobiography

22** VEBLEN – The Theory of the Leisure Class

23** JOYCE – A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

24** HEMINGWAY – The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber


TENTH YEAR

1. SOPHOCLES: Ajax, Electra

2. PLATO: Timaeus

3. ARISTOTLE: On the Parts of Animals [Book I, Ch. 1—Book II, Ch. 1], On the

Generation of Animals [Book I, Ch. 1, 17-18, 20-23]

4. LUCRETIUS: On the Nature of Things [Book V-VI]

5. VIRGIL: The Eclogues, The Georgics

6. ST. THOMAS AQUINAS: Summa Theologica [Part I, QQ 65-74]

7. ST. THOMAS AQUINAS: Summa Theologica [Part I, QQ 90-102]

8. CHAUCER: Canterbury Tales [Prologue, Knight's Tale, Miller's Prologue and

Tale, Reeve's Prologue and Tale, Wife of Bath's Prologue and Tale, Friar's

Prologue and Tale, Summoner's Prologue and Tale, Pardoner's Prologue and Tale]

9. SHAKESPEARE: The Tragedy of King Richard II, The First Part of King Henry

IV, The Second Part of King Henry IV, The Life of King Henry V

10. HARVEY: On the Generation of Animals [Introduction—Exercise 62]

11. CERVANTES: Don Quixote [Part II]

12. KANT: Critique of Judgement [Critique of Teleological Judgement]

13. GOETHE: Faust [Part II]

14. DARWIN: The Descent of Man [Part I; Part III, Ch. 21]

15. MARX: Capital [Part VII-VIII]

16. JAMES: Principles of Psychology [Ch. I, V-VII]

17. FREUD: A General Introduction to Psycho-analysis

18 * BOSWELL: The Life of Samuel Johnson

19** ERASMUS – In Praise of Folly

20** HUIZINGA – The Waning of the Middle Ages [XI – XXIII]

21** EDDINGTON – The Expanding Universe

22** T.S. ELIOT – The Waste Land

Monday, August 24, 2020

The Great Books

 


List of great books (not found in Mortimer Adler's list).

Mortimer Adler's list of Great Books of the Western World

(Best read in chronological order, because you'd have read what the authors were accquented with in their time. Arranged chronological within categories.)

Imaginative Literature

  • HOMER,
    • The Iliad, The Odyssey
  • AESCHYLUS,
    • Complete Plays
  • SOPHOCLES,
    • Complete Plays
  • EURIPIDES,
    • Complete Plays
  • ARISTOPHANES,
  • VIRGIL ,
    • The Eclogues,
    • The Georgics,
    • The Aeneid
  • DANTE ,
    • The Divine Comedy
  • CHAUCER ,
    • Troilus and Criseyde,
    • The Canterbury Tales
  • RABELAIS ,
    • Gargantua and Pantagruel
  • SHAKESPEARE,
    • Complete Plays,
    • Sonnets
  • CERVANTES ,
    • Don Quixote
  • MILTON,
    • English Minor Poems,
    • Paradise Lost,
    • Samson Agonistes,
    • Areopagitica
  • SWIFT ,
    • Gulliver's Travels
  • FIELDING ,
    • Tom Jones
  • STERNE ,
    • Tristram Shandy
  • GOETHE,
    • Faust
  • MELVILLE,
    • Moby Dick
  • TOLSTOY,
    • War and Peace
  • DOSTOEVSKY,
    • The Brothers Karamazov
HISTORY AND SOCIAL SCIENCE
  • HERODOTUS,
    • The History
  • THUCYDIDES,
    • The History of the Peloponnesian War
  • PLUTARCH,
    • Complete Lives
  • TACITUS,
    • The Annals,
    • The Histories
  • MACHIAVELLI,
    • The Prince
  • MONTAIGNE,
    • Complete Essays
  • HOBBES,
    • Leviathan
  • MONTESQUIEU,
    • The Spirit of Laws
  • ROUSSEAU ,
    • A Discourse on the Origin of Inequality,
    • A Discourse on Political Economy,
    • The Social Contract
  • SMITH ,
    • The Wealth of Nations
  • GIBBON,
    • The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
    • The Declaration of Independence,
    • Articles of Confederation,
    • The Constitution of the United States of America
  • BOSWELL,
    • The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D.
  • HAMILTON, MADISON, and JAY,
    • The Federalist
  • MILL ,
    • On Liberty,
    • Representative Government,
    • Utilitarianism
  • MARX,
    • Capital
  • MARX and ENGELS,
NATURAL SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS
  • HIPPOCRATES,
    • Complete Works
  • EUCLID,
    • Elements
  • ARCHIMEDES,
    • Complete Writings
  • APOLLONIUS OF PERGA,
    • On Conic Sections
  • NICOMACHUS,
    • Introduction to Arithmetic
  • GALEN,
    • On the Natural Faculties
  • PTOLEMY,
    • The Almagest
  • COPERNICUS,
    • On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
  • GILBERT,
    • On the Loadstone
  • GALILEO,
    • Two New Sciences
  • KEPLER ,
    • Epitome of Copernican Astronomy,
    • The Harmonies of the World
  • HARVEY,
    • Medical Writings
  • HUYGENS,
    • Treatise on Light
  • NEWTON,
    • Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, Optics
  • LAVOISIER,
    • Elements of Chemistry
  • FOURIER,
    • Analytical Theory of Heat
  • FARADAY,
    • Experimental Researches in Electricity
  • DARWIN,
    • The Origin of Species,
    • The Descent of Man
  • JAMES,
    • The Principles of Psychology
  • FREUD
    • Major Works
PHILOSOPHY AND THEOLOGY
  • PLATO,
  • ARISTOTLE,
    • Complete Works
  • LUCRETIUS,
    • On the Nature of Things
  • EPICTETUS,
    • The Discourses
  • MARCUS AURELIUS,
    • The Meditations
  • PLOTINUS,
    • The Six Enneads
  • ST . AUGUSTINE ,
    • The Confessions,
    • The City of God,
    • On Christian Doctrine
  • AQUINAS ,
    • Summa Theologica
  • BACON,
    • Advancement of Learning,
    • Novum Organum,
    • New Atlantis
  • DESCARTES,
    • Philosophical Works,
    • The Geometry
  • PASCAL,
    • The Provincial Letters, Pensees,
    • Scientific Works
  • SPINOZA,
    • Ethics
  • LOCK . E,
    • A Letter Concerning Toleration,
    • Concerning Civil Government,
    • An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
  • BERKELEY ,
    • The Principles of Human Knowledge
  • HUME ,
    • An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
  • KANT,
    • Major Philosophical Works
  • HEGEL ,
    • The Philosophy of Right,
    • The Philosophy of History

Sunday, August 23, 2020

How to Read a Book: The Classic Guide to Intelligent Reading (Mortimer J. Adler)

 

I've just finished reading this book today! 
The title of this book is really unpretentious, it has much more than whatever one might think of after reading this "How to Read a Book". It's not only about reading, it's about freeing the mind in a way I have partially experienced exactly by reading books, but Adler's How to Read a Book brings it the a new level, or could I say, to an old forgotten level?
Anyway, I'm thinking of reading the great books of western civilization. It's true that I have already read some of them, but after reading Adler's "rules" I realized I haven't really read them well, meaning I didn't have so clear an understanding as Adler suggests and as a consequence, any critical judgments I have made are dubious or partially valid. Reading for understand has been my goal for years, and now after feeling refreshed with Adler's book, I'll try to read these books more intelligently or more correctly. How fruitful will it be?

Here an outline for further reference.

Types of reading

Reading I: The Analysis of a Book's Structure

  1. Classify the book: what kind of book is this?
  2. State what the whole book (unity) is about with few words or sentences.
  3. Enumerate its major parts in their order and relation to the unity (whole). Analyze these parts as wholes themselves.
  4. Define the problem or problems (and subproblems) the author is trying to solve.

Reading II: The interpretation of a book's content

  1. Come to terms with the author by interpreting his basic words like he does.
  2. Mark the most important sentences in the book to discover the author's major propositions.
  3. Learn the author's arguments (which belong to the propositions), by finding them in, or constructing them out of, sequences of sentences. 
  4. Determine which of his problems the author solved, and which he failed. Did new problems show up? If one problem was not solved, does the author know it?

Reading III: The Criticism of a Book as Communication of Knowledge

A. General maxims
  1. Complete understanding first, only then you may say "I agree, I disagree, I suspend judgment".
    1. Suspending judgment is also an act of criticism. It is taking the position that something has not been shown. You are saying that you are not convinced or persuaded one way or the other (point out exactly where and why). 
  2. There's no point in winning an argument if you know or suspect you're wrong. Don't regard the judgment as a quarrel, or with inclinatinos to dispute.
  3. Respect the difference between knowledge and opinion by giving reasons for any critical judgment you make.
    • By removing misunderstanding and ignorance, all rational people can agree. 
    • Reason driven animal <---> passion/prejudice driven animal.
    • Propositions without an argument are treated as opinions.
    • If you can't reason disagreements, then you must agree.
B. Specific criteria for points of criticism
  1. Show where the author is uninformed (ex: lack of revelant information).
  2. Show where the author is misinformed.
  3. Show where the author is illogical (ex: non sequitur, inconsistency).
  4. Show where the author's analysis or account is incomplete.

Intrinsic and extrinsic properties

  1. Intrinsic: reading of the book not in light of external elements other than the reader's general understanding.
  2. Extrinsic: reading of a book in light of external elements such as other books, visits to places, historic background of the author or the author's time.

Classification of books

  • Belles-Letters
    • Criticism criteria: beauty
    • Goal: inspire us, deepen our sensitivity to human values by amusing.
    • Types:
      • Lyrics
      • Drama
      • Novels
  • Knowledge
    • Criticism criteria: truth
    • Goal: elevate our understanding by instructing.
    • Types:
      • Practical
        • Presentation of rules
        • Principles which generate rules (great books are here in this category) *
      • Theoretical
        • Historic *
        • Philosophic (rational reasoning over rational premises)
        • Theologic (rational reasoning over faith premises)
        • Scientific
        • Mathematics
* Extrinsic information about author and author's time is important.

"Translatability"

Extremes of the spectrum would be lyric poems on one side and mathematical books on the other side. Math propositions can be stated in a countless number of ways. Poem verses are trully untranslatable.